水压试验和气密试验是有区别的?

There is a difference between hydrostatic test and airtight test.

主要区别是：

The main differences are:

1.试验的目的不同，水压试验的目的是容器或管道的强度试验；而气密试验的目的是检验容器或管道整体的密封性，如盛装极度和高度危害介质时要在水压试验后还得进行气密试验。

1. The purpose of the test is different, the purpose of the hydrostatic test is the strength test of the container or pipeline;The purpose of the airtight test is to test the sealing of the container or pipeline as a whole, such as containing extremely and highly hazardous medium in the water pressure test after the airtight test.

2.试验压力不同，水压试验的压力比气密试验要高，而气密试验一般取1.0倍的设计压力。 

2. The test pressure is different, the pressure of the hydrostatic test is higher than that of the airtight test, and the airtight test generally takes 1.0 times the design pressure.

3.通常情况，气密性试验是在强度试验（水压试验）合格后进行的。

3. Normally, the air tightness test is carried out after the strength test (hydrostatic test) is qualified.

容器的耐压试验又称强度试验，其目的是通过超压试验，对容器整体强度进行的一次全面综合检验，是对容器选材、设计计算、结构以及制造质量的综合检查，同时通过容器的短时超压作用，有可能减缓某些局部区域的峰值应力，在一定程度上起到消除或降低残余应力、边缘应力，使容器中的应力趋于均匀。耐压试验包括液压实验和气压试验，由于气压试验比液压试验存在较大的危险性，主要是由于气体的可压缩性，气压试验一旦发生破坏事故，不仅要释放积聚的能量，而且要以最快的速度恢复在升压过程中被压缩的体积，其破坏力极大，相当于爆炸时的冲击波。所以能采用液压试验的必须采用液压试验，在不能采用液压试验的条件下才允许采用气压试验。采用气压试验的容器的对接焊接接头应进行100％射线或超声检测，焊接接头系数应取1.0。 

容器的气密性试验又称致密性试验，是对罐体上的可拆的连接部位及焊接接头的致密性的检验。试验时罐体上的所有可拆的连接附件（如各种阀门、仪表等）应安装齐全。

容器的耐压和气密试验考核的目的不一样。试验压力GB150-98有规定。气密性检测、气密性试验台、有明确规定:

1.气压试验压力为1.15倍的设计压力

2.水压试验压力为1.25倍的设计压力

3.气密性试验压力约等于设计压力(1.1倍)

Pressure test is also called the strength test of the container, its purpose is through the overpressure test, the container the overall strength of a comprehensive inspection, is the container material selection, design calculation, structure and manufacturing quality of the comprehensive examination, at the same time, through the role of the short-term excess pressure container, may reduce the peak stress of some local area,To a certain extent, it can eliminate or reduce residual stress and edge stress, so that the stress in the container tends to be uniform.Pressure test including the hydraulic pressure test and pressure test, because the air pressure test than the hydraulic test there is a big risk, mainly due to the compressibility of the gas, pressure test in the event of damage, not only to release the energy accumulation, but also with the fastest speed recovery in the process of boosting the compressed volume, its devastating, equivalent to an explosion shock wave.So can use the hydraulic test must use the hydraulic test, in the condition that can not use the hydraulic test is allowed to use the pressure test.The butt welded joints of vessels subjected to air pressure testing shall be subjected to 100% radiographic or ultrasonic testing with a welded joint coefficient of 1.0.

The tightness test of the container is also known as the tightness test, which is the test of the tightness of the detachable connecting parts and welding joints on the tank body.All detachable connecting accessories (such as valves, instruments, etc.) on the tank should be fully installed during the test.

The purpose of pressure test and airtight test is not the same.The test pressure is specified in GB150-98.Air tightness testing, air tightness test bench, there are clear provisions:

1. Pressure test pressure is 1.15 times the design pressure

2. The hydrostatic test pressure is 1.25 times the design pressure

3. Air tightness test pressure is about equal to the design pressure (1.1 times)